Advancement in Science and Technology Research is a peer-reviewed open access journal published quarterly Essay

Advancement in Science and Technology Research aims at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, and educators to publish their contrastal research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the daybooks objective to promote engineering and technology education. The papers for publication in Advancement in Science and Technology Research are selected through with(predicate) rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.Advances in Science and Technology is a irregular series presenting the Proceedings of CIMTEC, International Cermics Congress and Forum on rude(a) Materials. The series is published on behalf of TECHNA GROUP, Faenza, Italy.With the second review conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) approaching in April, a raft of studies expect appeared making wakeful that fundamental changes in science and te chnology are affecting the implementation of the treaty and that it must be adapted to take account of them.1The most profound development is the revolution in the life sciences and related technologies, including a growing point of intersection between chemistry and biology. There is a vastly increased disposition of the functioning of biological systems as a result of the mapping of the human and other genomes as well as of advances in structural biology and the flying field of proteins (proteomics). Information technology and engineering principles are increasingly integrated into biology. The intersection between chemistry and biology has further expanded thanks in offend to the automation of synthesis and screening of chemical compounds enabling laboratories to assess vast numbers of new chemical structures and a much-enhanced understanding of how certain chemicals of biological origin act. Technological advances supplement these trends, for example, providing for more eff icient means of delivering biologically active chemicals to target populations or targetingorgans and receptors within an organism.These developments are expected to bring some(prenominal) benefits, including new medical treatments and methods of pest control. At the same time, the capacity to discover or design new chemical structures that may have utility as chemical warfare agents has also increased significantly. Novel agents can be created far more quickly than ever before. In addition, advances in manufacturing technology have shortened other time requirements, enabling shortcuts in the progression from research and development to full-scale manufacturing. Changes in the chemical industry have dispersed technology and facilities, complicating verification and traditional nonproliferation strategies.As a result, the time and effort needed to field a new chemical weapon has shrunk, particularly in the early stages, while the capability to detect such actions has not grown signi ficantly. These trends and a recently increased interest in the use of incapacitants for law enforcement purposes lecture at least the threat that states could skirt or quickly break out of the CWC prohibitions on developing and acquiring chemical weapons. It has also enlarged the overlap between the two otherwise quite separate treaties governing chemical and biological weapons, the CWC and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). States-parties need to adapt the implementation of the CWC to account for these changes or risk diminishing confidence in its effectiveness and endangering its viability.